GHK-Cu

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Copper peptide GHK-Cu — the gold standard for collagen synthesis, skin regeneration, and senescence research.

A copper-chelating 3-residue peptide (Gly-His-Lys) that binds Cu²⁺ with high affinity. Characterised in the primary literature as a modulator of DNA gene-expression signatures related to tissue remodelling and copper transport. For laboratory characterisation only.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that regulates over 4,000 genes involved in peptide research, collagen synthesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. 2025-2026 research confirms it delivers bioavailable copper, resets cellular gene expression to a younger-marker state, reduces IL-6/TNF-alpha, supports DNA repair via 84 anti-cancer-related genes, and shows cumulative collagen remodeling with 3-6 months of use.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that regulates over 4,000 genes involved in peptide research, collagen synthesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. 2025-2026 research confirms it delivers bioavailable copper, resets cellular gene expression to a younger-marker state, reduces IL-6/TNF-alpha, supports DNA repair via 84 anti-cancer-related genes, and shows cumulative collagen remodeling with 3-6 months of use. It has a molecular formula C14H24N6O4Cu (copper complex), mass 340.38 Da (free peptide) / 401.93 Da (copper complex) Da. Its published amino-acid sequence is Gly-His-Lys. Common synonyms in the literature include Copper Peptide GHK, GHK Copper, and Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper.

Investigation of GHK-Cu to date is clinical-investigational, with the majority of citations concentrated in animal models and in-vitro assays rather than randomized controlled human trials. Published work referencing GHK-Cu spans Topical wound healing: Extensive research has examined GHK-Cu in dermal wound models, showing effects on reepithelialization, collagen deposition, and wound closure. GHK-Cu superiority over GHK alone has been demonstrated in murine wounds, with effects requiring Cu²⁺ (abolished by chelators like bathocuproine), Skin aging and cosmetic research: Studies have investigated GHK-Cu for effects on photoaging, dermal collagen research, skin thickness, and elasticity. Most human data comes from cosmetic product studies rather than rigorous clinical trials, and Gene expression studies: Microarray analyses have shown GHK-Cu modulates expression of over 4,000 genes, with structural genes upregulated and inflammatory/damaging genes downregulated. Key affected pathways include TGF-β signaling, DNA repair, and antioxidant systems. Proposed mechanisms in the literature include Copper delivery: forms stable complex with Cu²⁺ (binding constant log10 ≈ 16.44), delivering copper while silencing redox toxicity and Gene expression: upregulates structural genes (TGF-β pathway) and downregulates inflammatory genes (IL-6, fibrinogen). None of this material describes therapeutic outcomes in humans, and No vendor listed here provides dosing guidance for GHK-Cu outside laboratory research.

For the full mechanistic profile, published references, and constraint notes on GHK-Cu, see the GHK-Cu research page. All references cited on that page are peer-reviewed primary literature.

Binding and functional-assay data for GHK-Cu, from peer-reviewed in-vitro pharmacology publications. Values are receptor activity parameters — not clinical outcomes.

Study designs referencing this compound in the published literature. Descriptions cover framework only — phase, participant count, duration, and citation — not outcomes. Click a card to review the source directly.