Bioregulator Compounds · Checked
NAD+
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzyme
NAD+ — the essential cellular coenzyme for energy production, DNA repair, and senescence research.
The canonical redox coenzyme NAD⁺, essential to hundreds of characterised enzymatic reactions including sirtuin-family and PARP-family activities. Studied for age-related NAD⁺ decline in preclinical and clinical research. For laboratory characterisation only.
NAD+ — clinical & mechanistic profile
NAD+ is a vital coenzyme found in every cell that plays crucial roles in energy production, DNA repair, and cellular metabolism. Levels naturally decline with age, and supplementation supports cellular health and longevity.
Studied applications
- Essential coenzyme for cellular energy production
- Activates sirtuins for DNA repair and longevity
- Declines 10-50% with age across all tissues
- Supports mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis
Research constraints & safety notes
- Short half-life (~45 minutes) requires frequent dosing
- IV administration requires medical supervision
- Limited oral bioavailability of direct NAD+
- Cost considerations for IV therapy
NAD+ is a vital coenzyme found in every cell that plays crucial roles in energy production, DNA repair, and cellular metabolism. Levels naturally decline with age, and supplementation supports cellular health and longevity. Common synonyms in the literature include Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD, and Coenzyme I.
What it’s studied for
Investigation of NAD+ to date is clinical-investigational, with the majority of citations concentrated in animal models and in-vitro assays rather than randomized controlled human trials. Published work referencing NAD+ spans Essential coenzyme for cellular energy production, Activates sirtuins for DNA repair and longevity, and Declines 10-50% with age across all tissues. Proposed mechanisms in the literature include Cofactor for NAD+-dependent enzymes including sirtuins and Essential for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. None of this material describes therapeutic outcomes in humans, and No vendor listed here provides dosing guidance for NAD+ outside laboratory research.
Related research
For the full mechanistic profile, published references, and constraint notes on NAD+, see the NAD+ research page. All references cited on that page are peer-reviewed primary literature.
For research use only. This summary is a research-scientific overview compiled from peer-reviewed sources. It is not medical advice and is not intended for human or veterinary consumption.
Mechanisms of action
- Cofactor for NAD+-dependent enzymes including sirtuins
- Essential for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
- Substrate for PARP enzymes in DNA repair
- Modulates circadian rhythm gene expression
Investigational context
Study designs referencing this compound in the published literature. Descriptions cover framework only — phase, participant count, duration, and citation — not outcomes. Click a card to review the source directly.
Specifications
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular Weight | 663.43 g/mol |
| Sequence length | Small molecule |
| Physical form | Lyophilized powder |
| PubChem CID | 925 ↗ |